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Stabilized GHRH analog. FDA-approved 2010 for HIV-associated lipodystrophy. The only GHRH analog with a complete Phase 3 file.

Soluble 315-amino-acid isoform of natural follistatin. Binds and neutralizes myostatin, activin A, and related TGF-beta superfamily ligands. WADA-prohibited.

Long-acting exenatide-based GLP-1 receptor agonist conjugated to a non-glycosylated human Fc fragment. Completed Phase 3 AMPLITUDE program. Not FDA-approved. Development program effectively paused.

Once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist FDA-approved 2014 (Tanzeum, GSK). Recombinant fusion of two GLP-1 copies with human serum albumin. Withdrawn from worldwide market in 2017-2018 by GSK for commercial reasons despite cardiovascular benefit demonstrated in HARMONY Outcomes.

An endogenous 9-amino-acid neuropeptide. FDA-approved (Pitocin) for labor induction. Intranasal use widely studied for social cognition, autism, and bonding with inconsistent controlled trial results.

An NAD+ precursor that reliably raises blood NAD+ in human trials. Lived through three years of FDA regulatory uncertainty before being confirmed as a dietary supplement in September 2025.

Khavinson adrenal Cytomax peptide complex extracted from young calf adrenal tissue. Marketed for adrenal support. No FDA approval, evidence is Russian-network dominated.

An oral triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor with approximately 10 percent weight loss in Phase 3. Originally developed for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Not approved in any major jurisdiction as of 2026.

The only human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide; broad-spectrum activity but dual pro/anti-inflammatory profile limits clinical translation.

Synthetic Ala-Glu-Asp-Arg tetrapeptide developed by the Khavinson group as the cardiac Cytogen. Sequence is well-defined (AEDR, ~489.5 Da), but human trial evidence is Russian-institution dominated.

A synthetic decapeptide identical to endogenous GnRH. Triggers pituitary LH and FSH release. Previously FDA-approved as Factrel and Lutrepulse, both withdrawn. Currently used off-label on TRT to preserve testicular function. WADA-banned.

Multi-receptor somatostatin analog (SSTR1/2/3/5) FDA-approved for Cushing's disease (Dec 2012) and acromegaly (Dec 2014); diabetes-inducing.

A 16-amino-acid C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone targeting fat metabolism through b3-adrenergic signaling. Animal models showed weight loss. Human Phase 2b trials failed to demonstrate efficacy. Not FDA-approved.

Synthetic 11-amino-acid peptide derived from EPO helix B. Activates innate repair receptor without erythropoiesis. FDA Orphan Drug status for sarcoidosis neuropathy.

Truncated 67-amino-acid IGF-1 missing the N-terminal Gly-Pro-Glu tripeptide. 5-10x higher IGF-1 receptor affinity than native IGF-1. Short half-life enables site-specific local effects. Research chemical, no FDA approval, WADA-banned.

An 83-amino-acid modified IGF-1 with N-terminal 13-aa extension and Arg3 substitution. Reduced IGFBP binding produces 3x increased bioavailability. Half-life 20-30 hours versus 12-15 minutes for native IGF-1. Research chemical. WADA-banned.

28-amino-acid immune-modulating peptide approved as Zadaxin in 35+ countries for chronic hepatitis B. Not FDA-approved. FDA Category 2 since September 2023.

Synthetic 13-amino-acid analog of α-MSH ([Nle4,D-Phe7]-α-MSH). FDA-approved as Scenesse (Clinuvel) October 2019 for erythropoietic protoporphyria. 16 mg subcutaneous PLGA implant. The only FDA-approved melanocortin peptide. WADA-prohibited.

54-amino-acid endogenous peptide hormone that activates the KISS1R receptor on hypothalamic neurons to drive GnRH release. Imperial College London has run Phase 2 trials in hypogonadism and infertility. No FDA approval.

Synthetic peptide derived from the pleckstrin homology domain of dynamin 1. Inhibits dynamin-microtubule binding and rescues synaptic transmission in tau-loaded models. Mouse Alzheimer's-model data only.

Synthetic 7-amino-acid peptide derived from sortilin propeptide. Inhibits TREK-1 potassium channel, producing antidepressant-like effects in rodent models. No human trial.

Khavinson pineal Cytomax peptide complex extracted from young calf pineal gland. Marketed for circadian rhythm, sleep, and longevity. Russian-network clinical observation data only.

Synthetic 15-amino-acid peptide derived from neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) FG loop. Activates FGFR1, promotes synaptic plasticity in aged-rat models. No human trial.

Synthetic Ala-Glu-Asp-Pro tetrapeptide derived by epitope mapping from Cortexin brain extract. Khavinson cortex Cytogen targeting central nervous system gene expression.