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Original Sederma cosmetic peptide. Palmitoylated pentapeptide derived from procollagen I C-terminal propeptide. Established cosmetic anti-aging ingredient.

A 150-year-old textile dye and the only FDA-approved treatment for methemoglobinemia. Repurposed as a mitochondrial electron carrier with off-label cognitive and longevity use that is not supported by Phase 3 data.

Modified Selank analog with N-acetyl and C-terminal amide groups added for protease resistance. Russian research literature exists; no peer-reviewed RCT of the modified form. Not FDA-approved.

Recombinant N-terminal fragment of parathyroid hormone, FDA-approved 2002 for severe osteoporosis with high fracture risk.

Recombinant human IGF-1 FDA-approved August 2005 for severe primary IGF-1 deficiency in pediatric patients; Eton acquisition December 2024.

First oral non-peptide small-molecule GLP-1 receptor agonist; Lilly FDA submission late 2025, ACHIEVE/ATTAIN Phase 3 program.

First-generation synthetic amylin analog, FDA-approved March 16, 2005 as insulin adjunct for type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

First-generation daily GLP-1 receptor agonist, FDA-approved 2010 for type 2 diabetes (Victoza) and 2014 for obesity (Saxenda).

Non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist used unregulated for skin tanning and libido; precursor to FDA-approved bremelanotide.

Oral non-peptide ghrelin receptor agonist with sustained 24-hour GH elevation; Phase 2 trials completed but no FDA approval after two decades of development.

Tight junction regulator and zonulin antagonist for celiac disease; Phase 3 CedLara trial discontinued by 9 Meters Biopharma September 2023.

N-terminal 29-amino-acid fragment of native GHRH; original FDA approval (Geref) withdrawn 2008 for commercial reasons, now compounded for off-label adult use.

16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide regulating metabolic homeostasis via AMPK; early-stage clinical research.

Porcine brain-derived peptide hydrolysate used in Europe and Asia for stroke and dementia; not FDA-approved.

Synthetic hexapeptide ghrelin receptor agonist stimulating GH release; clinical diagnostic in Japan, research-chemical elsewhere.

First-generation hexapeptide ghrelin receptor agonist; pulsatile GH release with hunger stimulation, no FDA approval.

Myostatin- and activin-binding protein investigated for muscle growth; sold as research peptide with no human RCT data.

Potent hexapeptide GH secretagogue with rapid receptor desensitization; investigated for cardiac applications in early trials.

Hypothalamic neuropeptide and master regulator of GnRH secretion; investigated for hypothalamic amenorrhea and sexual dysfunction.

Uroguanylin-analog GC-C agonist FDA-approved January 19, 2017 for CIC and January 24, 2018 for IBS-C; food-flexible dosing.

D-retro-inverso senolytic peptide disrupting FOXO4-p53 interaction; Baar et al. 2017 Cell paper, no completed human trials.

Short-acting GHRH analog (modified GRF 1-29) with ~30-min half-life. No published human PK trial. WADA-prohibited (S2), FDA Category 2 since September 2023.

Modified GHRH analog with maleimide DAC linker producing 6-8 day half-life through albumin binding; sold as research-chemical with no human therapeutic approval.

GLP-2 receptor agonist FDA-approved December 21, 2012 for short bowel syndrome with intestinal failure dependent on parenteral support.